Ranking the risks of drawing up the state budget in Iraq for the period from 2003 to 2021

Abstract

The paper analyzes the potential budgetary risks in Iraq and offers recommendations for mitigating the ef-fects of those risks. For the purpose of carrying out the study, the AHP-Fuzzy technique is utilized. This approach includes the following steps: creating criteria, acquiring and processing data, assigning weights to the criterion, and evaluating budgeting risks. The following is a list of twenty specialists in the area who have identified the risks that are related with the budgeting of the Iraqi government in the year 2023: erro-neous estimating or forecasting of the budget; expenses that were not anticipated or unforeseen; fluctuations in revenue or cash flow; inadequate implementation or communication of the budget; and a lack of oversight or insufficient monitoring and control measures. Investing in state institutions as a means of fostering politi-cal stability is one of the practical strategies that are suggested by the report. The expansion of income streams beyond oil exports, the improvement of anti-corruption legislation, the encouragement of social development, and the implementation of appropriate budgeting procedures are some other proposals. Providing assistance to the expansion of Iraq's economy is something that the international community can also do. The findings of the study can be utilized by policymakers in order to gain a better understanding of the budgetary dangers that Iraq is currently facing and how to avert them in the future.