Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (ISSN: 2303-4521) is an international open access single-blind review journal published online. Indexed: Scopus, Google Scholar... Digital Object Identifier DOI: 10.21533/pen NOTES *The status of an uploaded article can be one of the following: Unassigned - awaiting assignment to an Editor. Archived - no longer "active", rejected as unsuitable and archived without peer review. In Review - under peer review and awaiting comments before a decision can be made. In Editing - only for accepted papers. **If your published paper is not listed in Scopus within six weeks of the publication date, you may request its addition by completing the Scopus web form, and selecting the option "Add Missing Document".
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Finger Vein Recognition using Two Parallel Enhancement Approachs based Fuzzy Histogram Equalization
This paper evaluates a set of enhancement stages for finger vein enhancement that not only has low computational complexity but also high distinguishing power. This proposed set of enhancement stages is centered around fuzzy histogram equalization. Two sets of evaluation are carried out: one with the proposed approach and one with another unique approach that was formulated by rearranging and cropping down the preprocessing steps of the original proposed approach. To extract features, a combination of Hierarchical Centroid and Histogram of Gradients was used. Both enhancement stages were evaluated with K Nearest Neighbor and Deep Neural Networks using 6 fold stratified cross validation. Results showed improvement as compared to three latest benchmarks in this field that used 6-fold validation.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
About a Dilemma in the Telecommunications Sector: Virtual Operators or Low-cost Operators?
A virtual operator is fragile when it is in competition with other virtual operators. This is explained by the “Bertrand paradox”: when firms sell products not differentiated (or not enough differentiated) a price war has terrible consequences (the profits tend to zero). But it is worse if there is a price war between the operators with a network. It occurred in France during the period 2012 – 2018. The entrant Free triggered a price war. The reaction of the incumbents was to create low-cost operators which were their branches. The only virtual operator with a large size, Virgin Mobile, was “bought and closed down” by the incumbent SFR. It suffered too much because of the incumbents decreasing their prices and the low-cost operators, both. It lost many customers. One proposes a model to explain why the “buy and close down” of Virgin Mobile was profitable (and chosen) in these conditions. The method used is Bertrand competition. Also, the “buy and close down” which is profitable is a criterium for products which are not enough differentiated. A few examples are given. The aims of the paper are two: To study how works a price war in telecommunications. More generally, the possibility of profitable “buy and close down” allows to propose a criterium for saturated markets. Even, the criterium could be used to build software (to test if a market is saturated or not). The rival models which are presented in the literature are commented.
Human resource management systems for enterprise organizations: A review
Human Resources HRs are one of the most important elements in the organizations, but it is difficult to manage a large number of human resources, especially in large companies. For this purpose, companies have tended to manage these resources taking advantages of the technology and the Internet. In this research, we will focus on human resources management in different companies and different countries and explore the factors that motivate companies to adopt Electronic Human Resource Management E-HRM as well as the factors that affect its adoption. The results showed that HRM plays a vital role in facilitating organizational processes, save cost and time, it also beneficial for competitive advantages. The findings also explored that E-HRM aspects and factors impact E-HRM adoption are varied from firm to another and from country to another. However, the companies moved towards adopting E-HRM because it mitigates the efforts of HR managers to take a decision.
A Robust Pest Identification System using Morphological Analysis in Neural Networks
Timely detection of pests play a major role in agriculture. There exist many pest identification systems, but almost all of them suffer from the misclassification due to lighting, background clutter, heterogeneous capturing devices as well as the pest being partially visible or in the different orientation. This misclassification may cause tremendous yield loss. To mitigate this situation, we proposed an architecture to provide high classification accuracy under the aforementioned conditions using morphology and skeletonization along with neural networks as classifiers. We have considered the crop rice as a use case as it is the staple food grain of almost the entire population of India. The amount of pesticides used is highest in rice as compared to all other food grains. This paper offers a robust technique to identify the pests in rice crops. The performance of the proposed architecture is tested with an image dataset, and the experimental results reveal that our proposed approach provides better classification accuracy than the existing pest detection approaches in the literature. Furthermore, the experimental results also provide the performance comparison among the popular classifiers.
Homeostaticity of energy systems: How to engineer grid flexibility and why should electric utilities care
Today’s power generation and distribution industry is being faced with a number of issues, from violent weather phenomena to earthquakes, fires and landslides; including acts of arson, terrorism and vandalism, all of which pose serious concerns for the sustainability of the distribution and supply of electricity. Electric utilities like ENEL are cognizant of this fact and know they must take action. Moreover, they are required by law to be prepared and act proactively to prevent service disruption, by responding to such challenges rapidly and effectively so as to preserve stability and continuity of operation. Homeostaticity of energy systems seeks just that: to bring about a rapid, effective and efficient state of equilibrium between energy supply and expenditure at all times, whatever the circumstances, to preserve stability of systems operation. The paper presents a prescriptive energy homeostaticity model being considered by ENEL as a means to further the incorporation of renewables in the electricity generation and distribution industry. The aim is to enhance control and energy management systems in distributed generation installations tied to the grid for urban and rural communities, in order to complement and diversify their electric power distribution services. The theoretical groundwork underlying the subject as well as other relevant contextual factors are also discussed and simulation results are presented under different tariff scenarios, and energy storage alternatives, in order to compare the proposed model with the actual case. Energy storage (ES) is found to be of paramount importance in the overall analysis of the results as it enhances and reinforces thriftiness on energy consumption.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Model for the assessment greenhouse gas emissions from road transport
A three-level model for estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by mobile and stationary road transport facilities of a state or region, proposed in this article, takes account into GHG emissions from a vehicle fleet (mobile objects) and road transport infrastructure (network of car services, road network of various categories). Additionally, it has been developed the intellectual system which evaluates the reliability of the array of initial data, by increasing the range and adjusting (if necessary) the values of individual indicators, as the result we achieving the convergence of the calculating GHG emissions from motor vehicles according to the models of all three levels of assessment. This ensures verification of the obtained gross GHG emissions. Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions using three-level model was carried out for St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region (Russian Federation), they shown the possibility of reducing by 2030 by 3.2 ... 12.4% of gross GHG emissions by motor transport of the Russian Federation in comparison with 2015. For St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region, both the reduction of gross GHG emissions by road transport (12.7% innovative scenario) and their growth (4.8% inertial scenario) are expected during the forecast period. At the same time, both for the St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region and for the state as a whole, a significant reduction in gross GHG emissions by road transport is expected in the period after 2025 due to the intensive replacement of cars on oil fuel by electric vehicles and hybrids, changes in the transport behavior of the population, the development of public passenger transport and cycling, the introduction of autonomous vehicles, etc.
Simulation of fuel injection through a nozzle having different position of the spray holes
In the article, a method of hydraulic calculation of working process of a diesel fuel feed system having a nozzle with different positions of its spray holes was investigated. A research of diesel engine injector nozzle design which had two groups of holes was carried out. Entering edges of the first group with the coefficient of flow μhl were located in the sack volume and entering edges of the second group (coefficient of flow μhu) – on the locking taper surface of the nozzle body. The coefficients of flow μhl and μhu differ considerably and depend on the valve needle position. This enables to distribute rationally the injection quantity by injection holes taking into account operating conditions of the diesel engine and hence – by the combustion chamber zones.
On properties of closed/open two-dimensional network-chainmail with different rules of particle movement
With the increase in the number of vehicles and the dimension of road networks, the problem of developing adequate and effective mathematical models to traffic simulation arises. The paper represents the traffic studies based on deterministic two-dimensional network of contours called chainmail introduced by A.P. Buslaev et al. Each contour consists of four cells and one particle moving around it. The open and closed versions of chainmail models with one-directional and co-directional particle movement are considered. The average velocity and other characteristics of chainmail are studied. Four theorems and hypotheses formulated in 2013, 2018 describing the dependence of average velocities of one-directional/co-directional particle movement on initial states of closed/open chainmail are tested and extended with the simulation modeling.
A mathematical model of traffic segregation on multilane road
We study a process of segregation of traffic flow on a multilane highway. Our study is based on the stochastic mathematical model developed by Buslaev A.P. et al. in 2006, 2008 years. This model is based on the deterministic-stochastic approach that was developed by Buslaev in 2005. In the model, particles, moving on a lattice, correspond to vehicles. We consider the problem of optimization of segregation characteristics. We consider an example of segregation process on five-lane segment of a road. The length of the segment equals 4000 meters. The calibration of the model parameters is based on empirical data obtained in measurements on roads.
Analysis of flow dynamics on Buslaev contour networks
Traffic flow models on networks are relevant because of exponential growth of road transport in megalopolises worldwide. But there are not enough adequate approaches to describe such processes. Buslaev A.P. with co-authors had introduced networks of contours with common nodes, local particles movement on each contour in given direction and competition resolution rules in common nodes. The problem is to study limit system behavior in dependence on initial conditions. In mathematical models of communication systems and computer networks, particles correspond to messages or information blocks (message packages). Behavior of particles on a contour chain with two cells on each contour is similar to behavior of Ising model used in quantum mechanics. In particular, Ising model is used for modeling of behavior of experimental computers based on principles of quantum mechanics. Contour network models can be used for study of spectral quantization. We study a behavior contour networks of Buslaev type for regular cases depending on rules of competition resolutions in common nodes. Exact results were obtained for closed chain with opposite and odd-even resolution rules, and stochastic version of left-priority rule with non-zero probability of indecisive movement.
Online reviews have become the major driving factor influencing purchasing behavior and patterns of social customers. However, it is difficult for customer to cover good reviews about any product or service according to massive amount of reviews latest years. Many previous researches provide innovative models about predicting review helpfulness in E-commerce websites. Some of these studies exploring the direct effect of review attributes on review helpfulness while others focused on reviewer’s attributes only. The main objective of this research is to review the most important attributes that have an affect on review helpfulness from many perspectives such as datasets, techniques, frameworks and evaluation methods of the experiments. The paper ends up with important findings about most attributes effect the review helpfulness such as Review Valence.
Asthma Attack Prediction based on Weather Factors
Asthma is a chronic disease which concern public health over all the world. Predicting overabundant need for healthcare services is helpful for healthcare suppliers, as it allows them to adequately plan and provide the resources that deliver services easier and suitably. Several researches have linked asthma triggers with weather and environmental changes. In this study, ‘linear regression model (LRM)‘ and ‘quantile regression model (QRM)’ are used to predict overabundant need for healthcare services for asthma monthly admissions in Polk, using backdated data from 2010 to 2017. Five weather variables were examined: maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation level, humidity and thunderstorms. LRM and QRM models of asthma monthly admissions are fitted in two ways: the first way is the base model which using all the weather variables, and the second way is the reduced model which using a subset of these variables according to the pseudo R2. Models were cross-validated using the mean absolute percentage error and the level of accuracy. The base QRM predictive model with the 45th percentile of the distribution was the best fit and it detect utmost number of monthly asthma admissions at accuracy of 87.55 %, followed by base LRM with an accuracy of 87.13 %. The reduced LRM and QRM models give lower results with an accuracy of 86% and 85.9% respectively. The finding suggest that the weather variables are giving better results for the predictive model even if they have a low correlation relationship. The combination between weather variables and asthma, taking in temperature, precipitation level, humidity and thunderstorms can be utilized in predicting future asthma admission patients.
Real time data analysis and visualization for the breast cancer disease
Today, the amount of data that are digitally collected in the healthcare sector is tremendous and expanding rapidly, these data are inherently geospatial and temporal ranging from individual families to whole states and from minutes to decades. Therefore, they need sophisticated data management and analysis to be transformed into valuable knowledge. Healthcare professionals are faced with several challenges regarding extracting knowledge from this massive amount of data in order to support the decision-making process. To gain advantage of health care big data, big data analytics need to be exploited to utilize and understand patterns associations within these data thus make the right decision. In this research, an interactive data analysis and visualization tool is proposed to visually compare the performance of three machine learning algorithms on Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset. The proposed model consists of two phases: input phase and analysis/visualization phase. It aims to allow the user to interactively compare the performance of three different ML algorithms (KNN, SVM and NB) in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and error rate in a user-friendly way. Here, SVM classifier has proven its efficiency and it is concluded as the best classifier with the highest accuracy as compared to the other two classifiers.
Accurate targeting in robot-assisted TCM pulse diagnosis using adaptive sensor fusion
Accurate targeting plays an important role in the study of human-robot interaction under dynamic environments. Especially for robot-assisted Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pulse diagnosis, the localization and accuracy of diagnose positions at wrist needs to be addressed. In this work, imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) which measures the physiological changes of blood flow in artery is used as an extra modal information in addition to computer vision at localization, to alleviate the effect of approaching distance varying during the robot arm movement. Both computer vision and iPPG are fed into an adaptive fusion expert of convolutional neural networks (CNN) architecture, and this boosts the accuracy at targeting of TCM radial artery at wrist. A coherence weight of their contributions was calculated and reflected the adaptation of the CNN to distance varying.
Approaches for the planning and implementation of Industry 4.0
The continuous degree of automation in industry and the networking of individual components such as machines, robots, autonomous drive systems, control units etc. opens new possibilities for linking production and service or, integrating customers and business partners into value-added processes. In this technical revolution, machines should be able to decide independently and even contribute to developments. Before the implementation, planning should be carried out in the planning stage, where Industry 4.0 can be implemented, what should be achieved, how can corresponding plans be implemented, and what aspects of security, machine ethics, information ethics or work ethics must be considered. While answering these questions, it can be found out what resources of material and immaterial nature are needed and what are the advantages and disadvantages that should be expected.
Concept for a multi-purpose academic gripper
In “concept for a new precise academic gripper” the mechanical aspects of the new gripper were presented [3]. In this paper, the idea is improved and expanded towards a clever control part. This paper mainly focuses on the functional ideas and the state of research concerning the imaging tasks. Experiment and intermediate results of the imaging process are discussed. Different approaches of skin colour detection in diverse colour spaces have been tested. Skin colour detection is investigated whether skin colour can be monitored to improve work safety in terms of functional safety. To enhance versatility, several ideas are combined to form a clever gripping device.
Reviving urban spaces through tactical urbanism in baghdad: Five common tactics
This research investigates the socio-spatial causes and consequences of tactical urbanism practices in Baghdad. It attempts to identify the main creators of these practices and their motivations. It recognizes five common practices of tactical urbanism in Baghdad, public art, pop-up rest areas, pavement plazas, guerrilla gardening, and open streets. This research argues that the applications of tactical urbanism in Baghdad could revive urban spaces and positively impact local communities, and that it could have various implications for urban policies. This article examines evidence from fieldwork and interviews with individuals involved in tactical urbanism projects. It also employs a questionnaire which addresses the opinions of individuals in the profession of architecture and urban design regarding the impact of tactical urbanism.
Research on mechanical design of a multi-function finger rehabilitation robot
Training with robots for injured fingers has achieved the efficacy of treatment. However, most of finger rehabilitation robots just have bending/extending movement. This paper presents a new multi-function finger rehabilitation robot with a simple mechanical structure, which could help fingers and thumb realize bending/extending movement and stretch/adduction movement. The paper firstly analyzes the hand physiological movement mechanism, confirming the motion range of each finger’s joint. Based on the fingers movement rules, the robot driving structure has been developed, which includes thumb training module and fingers training module and frame. In order to prove the rationality of mechanism design, an experiment was conducted. The experiment proved that the mechanism can run smoothly, and its rope wheels also drive well without skidding phenomenon as well as its tension is appropriate.
Improving anthropomorphic robot stability using advanced intelligent control interfaces
The article focused on the advanced intelligent control of the stability of anthropomorphic walking robots (AWRs), in order to validate a new and useful method of moving in the virtual environment, which determines a substantial increase in their stability. The obtained results lead to Versatile Intelligent Portable Robot Platform VIPRO, developed to improve the walking anthropomorphic robots’ performances, provide unlimited power for design, test, experiment the real time control methods by integrating the Intelligent Control Interfaces (ICIs) in robot modeling and simulation for all types of humanoid robots, rescue robots, firefighting robots.
Redundant Serial Industrial Robots Class-Structural Synthesis and Useful Configuration
For the first, the industrial serial robots can be classified according the number of mobility degrees or independent movements, the number of independent kinematic axes, the shape of the workspace, the value of the useful load, the precision of touching a predetermined point, etc. The number of degrees of mobility directly determines the structure of the kinematic chain corresponding to the robot and implicitly its construction, functionality and utility. In this paper, we define the class of redundant industrial serial robots. For the redundant industrial serial robots the structural synthesis method is presented and for each type of representative examples of structures are given.
A cyber-physical systems approach to cognitive enterprise
Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems are paradigms that have an important influence on enterprise systems architecture and implementation. The Cognitive Manufacturing as well as the Cognitive Enterprise are emerging models, related to these paradigms, that intend to redesign in the Enterprise Information Model by integrating new information processing and problem-solving methods. This paper intends to analyses and discuss Cognitive Enterprise enablers and principles considering an approach based on models of human brain perception-reasoning-learning processes.
The UAV Control Approach by using Multi Agent Systems
The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are becoming more and more accessible and their applications will grow with various utility’s from military fields with specific missions to civil so that in-depth research, in which all this types of UAV’s will operate in the future airspace, has to be done via a new concept on systems centralized autonomous control system. Approach of a Multi-Agent System (MAS) used for the development of an autonomous UAV Control System is presented. In the proposed model some processes are simplified, however it is unique, and can be used as it to help UAV’s operate in the flight airspace. This system will serve many UAV users to help them work in the same defined airspace without concerns regarding safety. The proposed model is a new concept of a multi-agent system design, simulated in NetLogo software, which include the parameters necessary to function with the objective to maintaining separation.
Intelligent control interfaces developed on Versatile Portable Intelligent Platform in order to improving autonomous navigation robots performances
The paper presents Intelligent Control Interfaces (ICIs) for real-time control for terrestrial mobile robots or unmanned aerial robots in order to improve the navigation performances. Intelligent control interfaces using advanced control strategies adapted to robot environment are presented, implemented through IT & C techniques with fast processing and real-time communications in order to develop a versatile, intelligent and portable VIPRO Platform with behavior of e-learning platform, which allows achievement inter-academic research networks and building new intelligent vectors robots. Implementation of ICIs laws in the intelligent real time control interfaces depends on the particular circumstances of the characteristics model used and the exact definition of optimization problem. The results led to the development of the ICI interfaces through image analysis using Images Operation Sampling & Quantization (IOSQ).
NAO robot fuzzy obstacle avoidance in virtual environment
The fuzzy inference system for obstacle avoidance developed in this paper is designed for NAO humanoid robot. The fuzzy obstacle avoidance (Fuzzy OA) has been tested in Webots virtual environment and the results showed that this method is almost two times faster than the Naoqi framework obstacle avoidance (Naoqi OA) while the robot is much more stable. Because the fuzzy inference system is a method that relies on trial an error and experience, the obstacle avoidance algorithm is subject to improvements. Future developments will take into account these results and will add other fuzzy inference systems for navigation, in order to get more autonomy for Nao robot.
Adaptive Neural Network Fuzzy Inference System for HFC Processes
The paper presents the design and implementation of a fuzzy inference system (FIS) trained with adaptive neural networks for the generation of specification references in high frequency current (HFC) hardening processes. The specification references are then further used for the control of the process in obtaining the desired outcomes in terms of material hardening and resistance. The FIS is trained using data obtained from experimentation on an industrial HFC device. The trained FIS is then compared to a manually tuned FIS, resulting from expert and operator designs. The results led to the development of intelligent control interfaces in real time through the ANFIS method
Implementing E-Commerce model for Agricultural Produce: A Research Roadmap
The advancement in technology and the increase in usage of Internet access has revolutionized the landscape of agriculture using E-Commerce. Several E-Commerce websites are operative in India to promote uniformity in agricultural marketing across the integrated markets by removing information asymmetry between buyers and sellers. Stakeholders are reluctant to utilize this new technology for trading agricultural produces in spite of close opportunities. Pricing mechanism of the online trading portals neither generates maximum revenue during high demand and less supply nor ensures minimum loss due to the decay or down selling of the products. Static pricing mechanism prevents the sellers from joining this online system, as it does not provide many benefits to an online customer. A continuous adjustable dynamic pricing mechanism that can adapt the market condition and quality degradation is crucial for maintaining the seller revenue and customer interest. This paper explains several existing dynamic pricing mechanisms and analyzes their relevance in the field of agro-marketing. In this paper, several research challenges on dynamic pricing approach of E-Commerce have been summarized. The factors like demand, supply, and freshness of the agri-products must be considered for the development of a pricing mechanism in the dynamic environment of E-Commerce.
Urban regeneration through post-war reconstruction: Reclaiming the urban identity of the old city of Mosul
This paper attempts to shed light on conserving local architectural heritage through the redevelopment and reconstruction of a city suffering from post-war devastation, while maintaining local identity. The city of Mosul is the 2nd largest city in Iraq, with a population of 1.8 million in the year 2014 before the ISIS occupation of the area. This study intents to recommend urban regeneration strategies, to be taken upon during the redevelopment of the old city of Mosul. A set of strategies that may ensure the preservation of the urban identity of the area, while redeveloping and coping with today’s environmental, socio-economic and political changes. A thorough theoretical analysis was carried out by the researchers to conclude a set of indicators of urban regeneration strategies to ensure memory, identity and development. The recommendations emphasized on the integration of the new designs with the old urban fabric, also harmonizing the physical environment with the original buildings whether withstanding or destructed. They also referred to the importance of buildings with historical and symbolic values and their role in reclaiming the urban identity and promoting the sense of belonging.
Assessment of products risks of mechanical engineering by results of diagnosing
Work is devoted to questions of assessment of risk indicators arising in use vehicles by means of diagnostic information. As source of information on technical condition of a vehicle data complex (stationary and remote) diagnostic systems can be used. Main objective of assessment of risks and creations of remote diagnostic systems is forecasting of reliability and safety of operation of the vehicle. The solution of this task requires timely detection and the prevention of approach of malfunction that demands allocation of special class of the intermediate states called by preemergency. Obtaining information and accumulation of statistical data on each vehicle model is possible on condition of creation of remote diagnostic systems.
Results of simulation and experimental research of automobile gas diesel engine
The paper is dedicated to conversion of a truck diesel engine into a gas diesel engine. Different ways of diesel engine conversion for operation on natural gas were analyzed. The gas diesel working process with minimized portion of igniting diesel fuel supplied by the Common Rail system was selected as the most suitable for such an engine. Modular gas feed and electronic engine control systems were developed in MADI which may be mounted on high- and medium-speed gas diesel engines. The fuel supply system of the base diesel engine was preserved though a new algorithm of fuel injection for the gas diesel engine was developed. The systems were perfected using simulation by computer model developed in MADI and during engine tests. The gas diesel engine demonstrated good fuel efficiency and considerable decrease of NOx and CO2 emissions, though its power at low speed decreased compared to the base diesel engine. The ways to improve this drawback during the future work were proposed.
A forecast model for a road network’s section traffic capacity assessment on a territory of the cryolithozone in conditions of the climate change
A model is proposed in which the capacity of the road network section depends on the technical and operational condition of the road surface – the presence of sinkholes, potholes, ruts, as well as their predictive depth. Appearing of these defects on the road surface is associated with excessive thawing and permafrost soil settlement in the formation occurring under the influence of the climate change. The soil thawing depth is modelled on the basis of predictive climatic parameters during the full average year, and then the maximum thawing depth and the corresponding soil settlement is determined. Three main scenarios of the climate change are considered: temperature contrast increasing, uniform warming and their combination. The assumed value of warming or temperature contrast increasing is considered to be a random value distributed according to the normal law; the predicted decrease in the road section capacity is defined as a weighted average over the entire range of possible climate changes. According to the results of the numerical implementation of the model on the road network sections for natural and climatic conditions of Yakutia, it is shown that in the third scenario of the climate change the road network section capacity is predicted to decrease from 17% (the formation is dry sandy permafrost soil) to 50% (the formation is clay soil of high humidity). The impact of natural and climatic features of the territory is predicted to be at a level up to 10% of the total reduction in the capacity of road network sections.