Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences
Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (ISSN: 2303-4521) is an international open access single-blind review journal published online. Indexed: Scopus, Google Scholar... Digital Object Identifier DOI: 10.21533/pen NOTES *The status of an uploaded article can be one of the following: Unassigned - awaiting assignment to an Editor. Archived - no longer "active", rejected as unsuitable and archived without peer review. In Review - under peer review and awaiting comments before a decision can be made. In Editing - only for accepted papers. **If your published paper is not listed in Scopus within six weeks of the publication date, you may request its addition by completing the Scopus web form, and selecting the option "Add Missing Document".
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Determination of the Dam Axis Permeability for the Design and the Optimization of Grout Curtain: An Example from Orhanlar Dam (Kütahya-Pazarlar)
Rural projects become an important issue considering the rapid increase of population in Turkey. Alongside the contribution to the national economy, dams serve as an environmental structure, which are utilized in flood prevention, sustainable energy, fighting with forest fire and recreation. However, dam construction must be well planned and projected to minimize the unexpected events such as water leakage. This study comprise the geotechnical studies and the design of the planned grout curtain in Orhanlar Dam (Kütahya/Pazarlar). In this context, field and laboratory studies was realized in Orhanlar Dam axis and reservoir area. Within the scope of field studies, engineering geology map was generated, a suitable axis location was specified for the dam and drilling and in-situ testing was realized. Within the field studies, the joint conditions of the geological units under the dam axis and its effect on permeability was observed. For the geotechnical purposes drilling works performed during the planning stage, 5 boreholes total 166 m was realized on dam axis, 1 borehole total 10 m was realized on cofferdam, 1 borehole total 10 m was realized on diversion tunnel and 1 borehole total 10 m was realized on spillway. To determine the permeability profile on dam axis and design the grout curtain, Lugeon tests in Dağardı ophioloitic melange units observed in dam axis, falling head permeability tests in alluviums observed in thalveg and slope debris observed in right abutment were performed. As a result of these studies geotechnical information about the permeability of Orhanlar Dam was collected and the grout curtain hole was designed.
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The Potential of Solar Energy for Sustainable Water Resource Development and Averting National Social Burden in Rural Areas of Zambia
Abstract About 50% of the Zambia’s population in the rural areas do not have access to an improved source of water supply, thus relies on untreated water from shallow wells, streams and rivers for drinking and other activities. The lack of access to clean water is associated with water related illnesses and other negative social impacts. This paper aimed to propose use of solar energy in water pumping systems for water supply in rural areas of Zambia. The information used is from secondary sources.Use of the solar energy in water pumping system is not only an important part of providing household with clean drinking water alternative, but also important for access to an improved source of water supply for rural households and sustainable water resource development in Zambia. The paper further investigates the potential of using solar energy in water pumping system to avert the nation’s disease burden and its sustainability using number of employment created as indicator. The analyzed results indicate that the use of solar energy in water pumping systems have the potential of reducing the Zambia’s social cost burden by 30% which translate to about US$61million saving per year and can create employment of about 24,000 in Zambia. country.
Pyrolysis Kinetics of Pine Sawdust in a Fixed Bed
Currently worldwide studies are being done on the utilisation of lignocellulosic materials or biomasses as substitutes of fossil fuels to afford energy needs of today’s world. Pyrolysis is one of the most promising techniques for apprising biomass into economically viable renewable fuels. In this work, pyrolysis behaviour of pine sawdust was investigated experimentally in a fixed bed system with mass measurements under nitrogen as sweeping gas. The main objective was to interpret mass loss of pine sawdust during pyrolysis at varied heating rates and to estimate kinetic constants using the best mathematical model among the popular solid phase decomposition models. Regression tests are separately applied to conversion data for 473 – 593 K and 593 – 773 K temperature ranges, corresponding respectively decomposition of hemicelluloses and cellulose, and cellulose and lignin. The quality of fit increased with heating rate and none of the proposed models had any superiority to others. The results implied that volatiles evolution during pyrolysis was increasingly controlled chemically with heating rate.
Forecasting Foreign Trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Wood and Articles of Wood, Wood Charcoal by Seasonal ARIMA Model
In this study, it is aimed that the analysis of export and import values of Bosnia and Herzegovina for wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal with seasonal ARIMA model and forecasting of export and import values for next term by the best appropriate seasonal ARIMA model. The data used in this study were obtained from Trade statistics for international business development (TRADEMAP) and monthly data covering the period of January 2007 and December 2015. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was used for the stationarity test. Temporary model that have smallest values of forecasting accuracy measurement was determined. The appropriateness of the model (whether plot of autocorrelation has white noise) was determined by using the Box-Ljung test. As a result, ARIMA (3,1,0)(0,1,2)12 model was found as the best forecasting model for both export and import series. It was estimated that export value of Bosnia and Herzegovina for wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal is approximately 531 million$, while import value is 160 million$ in 2020.
Coefficient bounds for a subclass of Sakaguchi type functions using Chebyshev Polynomial
In this work, considering a general subclass of bi-univalent Sakaguchi type functions and using Chebyshev polynomials, we obtain coefficient expansions for functions in this class.
Quality-dependent fusion system using no-reference image quality metrics for multimodal biometrics
Biometric acquired and processed data quality is the prime influences, which will affect the performance of the whole biometric system. Hence, aforementioned is essential to control the quality of acquired data to devise a suitable biometric system. This paper presents a robust multimodal biometric system using quality dependent expert fusion system. We Presents work, on a novel quality assessment metrics for Fingerprint, Palmprint, and Iris. The originality of this work contributing with blind image quality measures. The projected quality metrics associates with two type of quality measure a) Image-based quality as well as b) pattern-based. We have explore and comprehend the associated various quality assessment in the biometrics. Benefits of the proposed quality matric have been illustrates on six benchmark database. The performance of the proposed quality measures demonstrates on multimodal biometric system is evaluated on a public dataset and demonstrating its recognition accuracy with respect to EER. Result shows the efficiency of detecting the kind of alterations. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test statistics shows 0.84 to 0.94 outperformed as compared to NFIQ.
A Review on Devulcanization of Waste Tire Rubber
Rubber has become an indispensable material for the technological development of civilization, including simple balloon and complex rocket propellant. Rubber Industry worldwide is using on an average 50% of raw materials. These materials were mostly petroleum-based, except natural rubber (NR), steel cord and bead wire. Using of these petroleum-based raw materials not only depletes natural resources, but also produces more extreme environmental hazards. The waste tire rubber problem is of great magnitude and has far reaching environmental and economic implications. There are some ways for recycling of rubber, such as reclaiming technology, surface treatment, grinding and pulverization technology, devulcanization technology. Methods of devulcanizing rubber (or elastomers) have been researched almost since the time of the discovery of the rubber/sulfur vulcanization process. By devulcanization process the cross-links in the structure of rubber are broken and devulcanized rubber can be revulcanized into a raw material for rubber industry, which is a highly valued form of waste rubber. This study provides a review of the recent advances in understanding of methods of recycling rubber and claims that the capacity of thermomechanical and mechanochemical devulcanization methods of recycling waste tire rubber can be improved in future studies.
Parallel computing for artificial neural network training
As an enormous computing power is required to get knowledge from a large volume of data, the parallel and distributed computing is highly recommended to process them. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) need as much as possible data to have high accuracy, whereas parallel processing can help us to save time in ANNs training. In this paper, exemplary parallelization of artificial neural network training by dint of Java and its native socket libraries has been implemented. During the experiments, it has been noticed that Java native socket implementation tends to have memory issues when a large amount of training datasets are involved in training. It has been remarked that exemplary parallelization of artificial neural network training cannot outperform drastically when additional nodes are introduced into the system after a certain point. This is comprehensively due to the network communication complexity in the system.
Estimation of Specific Gravity with Penetration and Penetration Index Parameters by Artificial Neural Network
Specific Gravity of the bitumen changes according to the ambient temperature. Different specific gravity values can be calculated at different temperature. Estimating models like Artificial Neural Network – ANN could be very useful to obtain the specific gravity value uniform. Specific gravity values obtained from Long-Term Pavement Performance – LTPP were estimated with artificial neural networks. Penetration and Penetration Index of binder were used for estimating the specific gravity of the bitumen. As a result, ANN get 84% of R2 between obtained and estimated values.
Operational stability and degradation of organic solar cells
Recently, Organic solar cells (OSC) have been increasingly utilized all over the world. The changes made in the organic components of the organic solar cells enable them to exhibit good features such as mechanical flexibility, lightness and high power generation efficiency even under lower light intensities. However, operational stability is an important parameter for organic solar cells. Despite the aforementioned advantages of organic solar cells, degradation in operational environments limits their use in harsh conditions. Studies have shown that the organic layer and the cathode layer of the OSCs are degraded by external factors, and this adversely affects the operational stability and productivity of OSCs considerably. The overall efficiency of an organic solar cell is defined as a function of life cycle and efficiency of energy generation. Therefore, the shorter the life cycle becomes, the lesser the overall efficiency of OSCs gets. Recent studies are focused on improving the operational stability and power generation efficiencies of OSCs by reducing the effects degradation induced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and thermal fatigue. The purpose of this study is to assess how organic solar cells work, how they degrade from external factors, such as water and water vapor, and how these parameters affect the operational stability as well as the efficiency of the organic solar cells.
Sustainability of Traditional Buildings Located in Rural Area
In this days, sensitivity to environmental issues of people increased together with the awareness of the concept of sustainability. The structures, which are built in a rural residential area, are integrated with the natural environment. In Turkey, local traditional structures are structures that can be produced easily in place and materials are being used wisely. These houses which are used renewable natural materials carries a lot of features of the sustainable approach. Traditional structures have been shaped by the region where they are, because of the necessity. In this study, materials and construction systems of the traditional buildings which are located in rural areas are discussed and the buildings have been evaluated the context of ecology and sustainability.
Paulownia Elongata Sy Hu in function of improving the quality of the environment
Interest in paulownia got its momentum around the world. With its fastgrowing nature and large leaf surfaces this species can absorb significant amounts of sulfur dioxide and dust particles. The cities of Tuzla and Lukavac, as most other Bosnian-Herzegovinian towns, have a number of geo-ecological problems, and the most pronounced one is negative anthropopressing on the atmospheric complex and pedospheric cover. This area, especially during the winter period, has a disrupted air quality where the greatest polluters are individual heating places, transport, industry, and energy sector. The pedologic cover of the wider area of Tuzla and Lukavac has suffered significant changes and is largely devastated. The processes of destruction of soils lead to complete destruction or formation of a new land with modified characteristics. High rainfall is a major cause of destabilization of slopes, but also is the negative anthropogenic activity in the area. Landslides have caused significant material damages, particularly in the residential structures of slope zones of the mentioned cities and suburban areas. This paper presents the basic biological characteristics of woody species paulownia elongata, and the possibility of planting it in areas that are now unused so to improve the quality of air, as well as on surfaces that are threatened by landslides.
CONSTRUCTION OF BIOPARKS ON DEVASTATED LAND IN URBAN AREAS
Lukavac, as many other Bosnian and Herzegovinian industrial cities, especially in the winter period, has deteriorated air quality and the greatest polluters are industry, individual heating and transportation. Considering that Lukavac is situated in the valley in which numerous industrial facilities are installed, in the periods of unfavorable weather conditions the town and its surroundings are naturally predisposed for additional air pollution. In this paper we analyze the possibility to form bioparks, which would have positive impacts on the ecological and economic conditions in Lukavac and similar environments. To establish the bioparks, the degraded and abandoned land surfaces, caused by soil erosion or the surface exploitation of mineral resources, could be used. These are located at numerous locations and cover large areas, both in Lukavac and in other industrial areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper presents the basic biological characteristics of paulownia and possibilities of planting this tree in areas that are now unused, in the space which is characterized by extreme pollution of atmospheric complex. The selected method is bioremediation, and in this case it is the planting of biological material or woody plant species Paulownija elongata. In this way the degraded surfaces would get the function of biological parks, that is, they would become "oxygen producer" surfaces, and absorbers of CO2 which is emitted from industrial plants. This species has rapid growth and development of biomass, so the bioparks could be used to serve as the surfaces for alternative fuel with minimal amounts of sulfur, and also as eco - educational parks.
Evaluation of soil quality in Sapanca Lake basin
The aim of the study is determination of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which is taken around the Sapanca Lake. For this purpose, a total of 30 soil samples has been collected in order to represent the basin from 10 plots where 0-40 cm depth. Sapanca Lake is an important drinking water source for the Marmara region; it is supplied in both underground and side creeks. The content and the quality of water are affected by the soil structure in the basin. Therefore, soil structure has been evaluated with regard to color, organic matter, organic carbon, conductivity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), salinity parameters. Munsell soil color chart is used for determining soil color. In terms of determination, half of the soil samples has been found to be dark brown in color. And the according to the results has been found just as pH 7-9, conductivity 150-500 µS/cm, salinity 81-300 mg/l, ORP 81-115 mg/l, organic matter 1% -10% in the range of, respectively. Determination of soil quality parameters of the study area is very important in terms of protection of ecology and living health, controlling environmental pollution and improvement of water quality.
The Production of Polyurethane from Waste Vegetable Oil-Based Polyols and Modelling of Rheological Properties
Polyols in polyurethane production is of great importance. The future will increase the production of polyols from renewable sources. The result of the reduction of fossil fuels will be important in the use of renewable resources. Especially important alternative which will expand polyols production from vegetable oils. Polyols derived from vegetable oil will be produced by epoxidation, hydroxylation and purification. In this study, some vegetable-oil based polyols were produced from the different wastes vegetables oils with the catalysts. The produced polyols compared with commercial polyols with rheological properties as viscosity, temperature, shear stress, shear rate. The rheological properties of the polyols were modelling with general equations based on experimental data. Polyurethane produced from waste vegetable oil-based polyols and investigated density and effective thermal conductivity.
A comparative study on Soil Properties and Applications Review with EERA and NERA in İstanbul-MARMARAY Project between Kazlıçeşme to Sirkeci
Over the course of history Marmara region in North-western Turkey has been the site of numerous destructive earthquakes. Based on historical and instrumental earthquake records, the Marmara sea region is one of the most seismically active regions of the Eastern Mediterranean. The Marmara region is under the influence of the western part of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) and the N-S extensional regime of Western Turkey. Therefore, the earthquake risk analysis is very important for the MARMARAY Project. 76 km-long MARMARAY Project is an important project not only for Turkey but also for the world because it joins the two continents through railway. It will also serve for a comfortable and healthy way of environment, providing a contemporary solution for urban transportation. Geotechnical and geological parameters of the region were obtained from analyses of seven boreholes. In this paper, using average wave velocities in layers, thickness, density and formation data based on the PS logs, 43 m and 65.5 m depths ranging from 7 different boring logs in a ground-wise different geological regions in İstanbul, ground response functions were obtained. Based on the soil profiles transferred to EERA (Equivalent - Linear Earthquake Site Response Analyses of Layered Soil Deposits) and NERA (Nonlinear Earthquake Site Response Analyses of Layered Soil Deposits) softwares, the rock soil record of August 17, 1999 Kocaeli earthquake in İstanbul – Beşiktaş Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (IBMPWS), response and design spectrums that may be considered crucial in case of an earthquake were obtained. The acceleration record was used as an input motion having PGA value of 0,04287 g (east-west component) which was applied on sublayers (i.e. sand, gravel, clay) using EERA and NERA programs. The analysis is done by keeping constant damping ratio of 5%. Also nonlinear analysis was compared with the linear method of analysis. Stages involved in ground response analyses to develop site-specific response spectra at a soil site are summarized. Some of the known site response analysis methods are summarized and similarities and diff erences between linear and nonlinear methods.
Adsorption of Copper Metal Ion from Aqueous Solution by Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (nZVI) Supported on Activated Carbon
Copper is from one of the most important heavy metals, which adheres to the ecological system by harmful human activities. It is toxic, persistent, and non-biodegradable metal, which causes environmental pollution in both the atmosphere and aquatic environment. Copper pollution found in undesirable concentrations in industrial wastewaters especially from electronics industries, cooling systems and plating industry. Physical methods are mostly applied to remove Cu(II) including adsorption and membrane processes. Nanoparticles (e.g. nano zero valent iron (nZVI), carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide nanoparticle) have been considered to be promising alternatives to conventional adsorbents. They have advantages by having more surface area and nano-sized pores, which helps to adsorb more molecules. In this study, in order to enhance adsorption by activated carbon and lower the cost of nanoparticle synthesis, nZVI is synthesized on activated carbon(AC-nZVI). It was investigated for its effectiveness in copper removal from aqueous solution. The effect of AC-nZVI dosage, pH and the initial concentration of Cu were investigated. Adsorption capacities are obtained for nZVI and AC-nZVI as 414 mg/g and 510 mg/g, respectively. 200mg/L AC-nZVI concentration was determined as sufficient for %96 removal rate. Langmuir isotherm gave the best fit and the maximum adsorption capacity according to Langmuir isotherm is calculated as 588,24 mg/g.
Assessment of the energy generation potential of photovoltaic systems in Caribbean region of Colombia
At present the use of solar energy for power generation has increased in recent years, this is due not only to climate change but also to reduce costs of solar technology materials and equipment. The paper assesses the energy generation potential of photovoltaic systems in the Caribbean region of Colombia based on data extracted from NASA Surface Meteorology and Solar Energy. The solar energy atlas for Caribbean region was generated using ArcGIS program. The analyzed results indicates that in the Caribbean region of Colombia there is a huge energy generation potential of photovoltaic systems with annual electricity generation of 1554.47kWh/kWp and performance ratio of 79.63% which is good for PV systems. This study is important as generated results are vital for the development of PV systems in the region and also the results can be used in the future social, economic and environmental impact study for deployment of these systems; and selecting the suitable area and appropriate technology that can adapt to the conditions of this region.
Usage of Fly Ash and Waste Slime Boron for Soil Stabilization
Waste materials are hazardous and serious problem for environment. Because, they occur soil pollution, ground water pollution and also visual pollution. Especially, industrial wastes are composed in large quantities. Many scientists have made research to solve these problems. According to their results, they have suggested that usage of waste materials in many areas as a material or additive material. One of the areas is soil stabilization. Soil properties are improved with this additive wastes. In this study, laboratory tests were conducted on granular soil specimens amended with fly ash and slime waste boron. The specimens were prepared with granular soil and fly ash-waste boron at different ratios. They were compacted standard Proctor compaction energy and, than were cured 1, 7 and 28 days. After cure unconfined compressive tests were conducted to investigate the effect of fly ashwaste boron on granular soil strength. Addition of fly ash-waste boron increased soil strength. As a result, fly ashwaste boron can be used with granular soil for increasing strength. This is economical solution.
Land use suitability classification for the actual agricultural areas within the Bartın stream watershed of Turkey
Suitability classification of the land uses particularly involves the lands’ qualification based on their ecological characteristics. Hence, ecological land use serves the sustainable planning objectives which ultimately constitute the fundamentals of environmental landscape planning. Among the diverse land uses, suitable agricultural areas occupy a significant interest not only because of their scarcity but also because of their environmental vulnerability. For this purpose, in this study, the land use suitability classification was performed for the actual agricultural areas within the Bartın stream watershed. The mesoscale watershed that covers approximately 1943 km2 is located at the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. The watershed is mountainous with the average slope of 15° and with the altitudes ranging between 20 m and 1735 m asl. The actual agricultural areas cover almost 37% of the watershed and particularly located within the lower altitudinal gradients of the watershed. Based on the slope degree and soil depth parameters, land use suitability classification was conducted for the agricultural areas. Between the slope degrees of 0° and 25°, five categories of slope degree ranges each of which was 5°, were determined. On the other hand, the soil depth parameter was divided into two categories; “moderate deep and deep (50> cm)” and “too shallow and shallow (50< cm)”. Merging the digital map values of these two parameters using the GIS (Geographical Information Systems), yielded the 10 classes of land suitability for the agricultural areas. These 10 classes of land suitability for agricultural areas were displayed on the ultimate digitized map. According to the results of this study, only 25% of the agricultural areas were within the first three land suitability classes. However, almost 32% of the agricultural areas were within the last three land suitability classes. Furthermore, these problematic agricultural areas are particularly located at the higher altitudinal gradients within the watershed. These results indicated the significant misuse of the agricultural areas within the watershed. Consequently, re-arrangement of the land use plans and programs should be proposed in order to achieve the sustainable use of the agricultural areas within the watershed. This re-arrangement and re-handling will serve the objectives of landscape planning compatible with the environmental ethics and morality.
Optimum air feed locations on medical waste incineration rotary kiln by computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Twenty-four tons of medical waste is combusted every day in Istanbul. The plant is operated by ISTAÇ AŞ and combustor type is rotary kiln. The air was being fed manually along with the waste being introduced to the kiln. This case caused some problems regarding the combustion efficiency. The administration staff decided to open holes to supply air to the combustor. In this study, CFD was utilized in order to determine the optimum places for air inlets. Flow geometry of the air was prepared and then meshed for calculations. k-ε turbulence model was utilized in the calculations. Four air inlet pipes were placed on the edges of the circular inlet area. Different locations were tested. When the air was fed from the top, waste could not completely contact with the air. Additionally, different inlet angles were tested from zero degrees to thirty degrees. The degree of the inlet did not much change the combustion characteristics inside the kiln. Piping holes were burrowed from the bottom at zero degree angle.
A comparison of perturb & observe and fuzzy-logic based MPPT methods for uniform environment conditions
The power generation from photovoltaic (PV) system is not constant and it varies based on solar irradiance and temperature. For any environmental condition, to convert maximum available solar energy, PV systems must be operated at maximum power point. To accomplish that two different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been presented in this study. The first method can determine MPP point by measuring the derivative of PV cell power (dP) and PV cell voltage (dV) which is called Perturb & Observe (P&O) method. The second method uses fuzzy-logic-control (FLC) based MPPT method to determine MPP point for actual environment conditions. In this paper, 3kW PV system model is studied in MATLAB. According to the simulated results, FLC based MPPT method has better performance than P&O method. Compared to the P&O method, FLC-based MPPT can increase tracking accuracy and efficiency performance 0.13% under standard test conditions (STC).
THE EFFECT OF SEALING SYSTEM ON ZERO FUGITIVE EMISSIONS AND GLOBAL WARMING
Nowadays keeping the air clean is one of the most important aims in environmental protection. The fugitive emissions especially Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC’s) and the ozone-precursors nitrogen oxides (NOX) have a great impact on the quality of the atmospheric air. Worldwide fugitive emissions from leaking valves, pumps and flanges amount to over a million metric tonnes per year. Elimination or reduction of fugitive emissions could save industry many millions of dollars and prolong scarce resources. Sealing system is the major contributing factor will be through the lowering of fugitive emissions. In this study, various kind of fibre reinforced Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) sheet sealing materials and new developed expanded graphite sheets were investigated. Experimental results shown that, the sealing performance has been improved by the development in material technologies. Fibre base materials have higher permeability than expanded graphite for both liquid and gas environments. They have adequate sealing performance to need for all over applications. Expanded graphite shows better sealing performance than fibre base materials but it has lower recovery. As a result, for every specific application, careful selection, correct installation and operation according to the performance envelope, regular inspection and maintenance must be considered for low or zero emission requirements.
Memorized approach for implementation of space vector pulse width modulation
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation, SV-PWM, is an efficient technique for dc to ac voltage conversion through an inverter of power electronics devices. This paper presents a proposed memorized approach for SV-PWM implementation. The work bases on storing six symmetric pattern formats of space vector in a memory structure. Then, sequential fetching of the stored data provides basic optimum firing triggers TRA, TRB and TRC for driving the inverter switching elements. Main contribution of the paper is controlling the inverter output frequency online through adjusting the fetching period. Moreover, the presented approach characterizes by simplicity, cost effective and activity in achieving the space vector technique. Validity of the proposed method was practically examined through a hardware built workbench, which based on the microcontroller ATMEGA 2560. Meanwhile, the optimum firing sequences were exported to a MATLAB algorithm to check the harmonics, which are expected to accompany the inverter output ac power.
Dynamic analysis, modeling and control of the LEGO EV3 modular mobile platform
Due to the increased popularity of robotic systems and their more frequent application, some companies have opted to incorporate modular robotic systems in their assortment. The advantages of such systems are great flexibility in terms of combining components, relatively easy programmability, a wide range of functions that can be performed, the availability of components, as well as modularity in terms of functional and structural connectivity. The disadvantages are reflected by the fact that these systems are not optimized for a particular application. The precision and accuracy of such systems are substantially less than those of the system created exclusively for a particular application. Gaps and dead strokes of moving parts are very influential on the performance of functions and there is relatively little autonomy to such systems. The problem of mutual inarticulation of motors was introduced, and a solution was given to overcome these problems. The observations concerning the aforementioned problems have been explained and the most important features of this approach to robotic systems highlighted.
Integration of lean accounting techniques and balanced scorecard to evaluate the performance of economic units: An exploratory or applied study in Iraq
Recent technological developments and environmental changes that have occurred in recent decades have affected the economic environment and significantly affected the accounting field, where a large spread of industrial enterprises has emerged, which led to increased competition and complexity of the wishes and needs of customers. The research adopted on the topic of Lean accounting, which recognizes the importance of integration between Lean accounting techniques and sustainable balanced scorecard, and how the application of these techniques will reflect the views. This study aimed to determine the role of Lean accounting. There are many results and, more importantly, there is an integral relationship between Lean accounting methods and sustainable balanced scorecard views, reflecting the use of meager methods (value stream, continuous improvement) in a positive way on sustainable scorecard views, and as a result of achieving Balanced and sustainable strategic performance. The study concluded some recommendations such as activating the use of the value principle of accounting Lean was higher to eliminate waste and loss, as well as to maximize the benefits of economic units by finding solutions to problems and obstacles facing the production process.
International regulation of the restriction of the use of environment
Agreements in the field of energy involve possibilities to lower consumption of natural resources and increase in production of renewable sources of energy. However, such interactions between goals and average requirements of an energy complex can be successful only when concluding similar international agreements. As the relevance of the study is energy sector of developed countries, which strives for balance of sources of electricity. Novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time agreements in the field of environmental conservation are considered as a reasonable compromise between the necessity to expand the number of applicable technologies and requirement to lower overall consumption. In this regard, the authors consider as the research object the European Union as the most harmonic combination of ecological requirements to the use of energy and general desire to compensate ecological damage. In the article, the legal framework of the agreement on energy regulation in block formation has been analysed using the example of the European Union. Practical application of the study is determined by that forming of coherent energy agreement depends on not only efforts of separate states, but also on the extent to which these conditions will be combined with economic policies and the quality content of energy conservation policies.
Review on nowcasting using least absolute shrinkage selector operator (LASSO) to predict dengue occurrence in San Juan and Iquitos as part of disease surveillance system
Dengue which was first detected mainly in South East Asia during 1940s is now a serious public health concern across the subtropical and temperate regions of Americas, Europe and China due to the change in global climate and international travel. Hence, 3.9 billion people in 128 countries are exposed to the danger of potentially fatal dengue infection. This is a review paper of various dengue forecasting methodology to identify suitable models for predicting the disease occurrence in San Juan, Puerto Rico and Iquitos, Peru. Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator (LASSO) model using climatic variables and Google Trends search terms as predictors was proposed to forecast dengue cases four weeks in advance. LASSO’s flexibility in incorporating a variety of predictors and its ease of interpretation present LASSO as a compelling case against the general predictive models. Public health regulators could make use of such nowcasting model to facilitate the timing of vector control and public health campaigns along with the medical resource allocation to cope with potential dengue outbreaks.
Finite element modelling to predict machining induced residual stresses in the end milling of hard to machine Ti6Al4V alloy
Machining is one of the methods to produce components and products from raw material. Many factors influence the outcome of the machining process and the life of the components there after. Researchers have tried to understand the underlying principles of machining using finite element analysis since many years. In the present work the authors have made an attempt to study few behaviour namely, stress distribution, force variation and machining induced residual stresses while machining hard to machine Ti6Al4V alloy using finite element analysis. The model that is presented in this work is an improvisation of some of the existing models overcoming some of the shortcomings of the existing model. The work presented here uses the time tested Johnson-Cook model, but unlike the many other works sacrificial layers is not being used rather, Johnson-Cook damage model is being used. In addition, the authors have considered opted for oblique cutting in spite of high computational time due to the want of more accurate results.
Analysis of WCAG 2.0 data accessibility success criterion of e-government websites
An accessible website enables the access to information and interaction for many people with disabilities so these people can contribute more effectively in the society. Today, most governments are enforcing their websites to follow the www consortium (w3c)’s Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0). This paper investigates the WCAG 2.0 success criterions that make a website accessible and explores the most violated WCAG 2.0 success criterions by the developers of e-Government websites.