Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences
type: channel
description: Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences (ISSN: 2303-4521) is an international open access single-blind review journal published online. Indexed: Scopus, Google Scholar... Digital Object Identifier DOI: 10.21533/pen NOTES *The status of an uploaded article can be one of the following: Unassigned - awaiting assignment to an Editor. Archived - no longer "active", rejected as unsuitable and archived without peer review. In Review - under peer review and awaiting comments before a decision can be made. In Editing - only for accepted papers. **If your published paper is not listed in Scopus within six weeks of the publication date, you may request its addition by completing the Scopus web form, and selecting the option "Add Missing Document".
publisher: International University of Sarajevo
language: en
publication name: Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences
issn: 2303-4521
copyright: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
items: The Effects of Nanosilica on Charpy Impact Behavior of Glass/Epoxy Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates
items: A high resolution DDFS design on VHDL using Bipartite Table Method
items: Controlling the Building Model Using High Order Sliding Mode Control Optimized by Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm
items: A Structured Selection Process for Small and Medium Enterprises in Construction Industry: Case of International Projects
items: Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm to Estimate Transformer Equivalent Circuit Parameters
items: Estimation of Projection Matrices from a Sparse Set of Feature Points for 3D Tree Reconstruction from Multiple Images
items: A scrutiny study on wave energy potential and policy in Turkey
items: Condition monitoring of the uncoated carbide cutting tool in turning process of the aluminum alloy 6061 via vibration
items: Numerical modelling of the in-plane loaded homogenized masonry walls
items: Performance comparisons of current metaheuristic algorithms on unconstrained optimization problems
items: Charpy Impact Response of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite with Nano Graphene Enhanced Epoxy
items: Combined Natural Convection and Thermal Radiation in an Inclined Cubical Cavity with a Rectangular Pins Attached to Its Active Wall
items: Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition for mixed municipal solid waste using thermogravimetric analysis
items: Autonomous Car Parking System with Various Trajectories
items: Determination of appropriate axial vibration dampers for a naval vessel driven by CODAG propulsion
items: Solving constrained optimization problems with sine-cosine algorithm
items: An Investigation on Deformation Behaviors of Energy Absorbers for Passenger Coaches
items: Modeling and Simulation of the Resistance of Bacteria toAntibiotics
items: Application of Monte Carlo simulation and PERT/CPM techniques in planning of construction projects: A Case Study
items: Determination of the Dam Axis Permeability for the Design and the Optimization of Grout Curtain: An Example from Orhanlar Dam (Kütahya-Pazarlar)
items: The Potential of Solar Energy for Sustainable Water Resource Development and Averting National Social Burden in Rural Areas of Zambia
items: Pyrolysis Kinetics of Pine Sawdust in a Fixed Bed
items: Forecasting Foreign Trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Wood and Articles of Wood, Wood Charcoal by Seasonal ARIMA Model
items: Solar PV integration for enhancing energy efficiency of industrial air compressor systems in the unstable environment of Yemen
items: Coefficient bounds for a subclass of Sakaguchi type functions using Chebyshev Polynomial
items: Quality-dependent fusion system using no-reference image quality metrics for multimodal biometrics
items: A Review on Devulcanization of Waste Tire Rubber
items: Parallel computing for artificial neural network training
items: Estimation of Specific Gravity with Penetration and Penetration Index Parameters by Artificial Neural Network
items: Operational stability and degradation of organic solar cells

The Effects of Nanosilica on Charpy Impact Behavior of Glass/Epoxy Fiber Reinforced Composite Laminates
type: item
description: Desire to improve the efficiency of composite materials for engineering applications has led to the use of nano-sized additives or fillers such as nanoclay, nanosilica, nano-graphene, carbon nanotubes. The effect of nanoparticle inclusion on mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composite materials has been investigated by many researchers and crucial effects have been reported in several papers. In this work, the effects of nanosilica content on the low velocity impact behaviors of glass/epoxy fiber reinforced composite laminates are determined using Charpy impact tests. The composite laminates are fabricated via hand lay-up followed by hot press molding. The nanosilica particles with different weight percentages are dispersed in epoxy resins using mechanical stirring. The absorbed impact energy values of flatwise-unnotched and edgewise-notched beam specimens, and impact damages are analyzed as a measure of impact behavior. The results show that the incorporation of nanosilica particles have significant effects on the Charpy impact behavior.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2060

A high resolution DDFS design on VHDL using Bipartite Table Method
type: item
description: In this study, a Look Up Table (LUT) based Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer (DDFS) is designed on VHDL. Bipartite Table Method, an advance memory compression method, is used together with quadratic compression method. 23 mHz frequency resolution is achieved with 100MHz clock input. The required memory is obtained 585 times smaller than traditional DDFSs. A MATLAB code is revealed to select the best design which provides the smallest required memory for 100 dB Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) level. The contents of the LUTs are also evaluated by using MATLAB software. The design is simulated for multiple frequencies between 23mHz-30MHz with VIVADO 2016.3 software. The simulation results perfectly match with calculations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2059

Controlling the Building Model Using High Order Sliding Mode Control Optimized by Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm
type: item
description: High Order Sliding mode control (HOSMC) has been used in many mechanical systems and structural system due to its accuracy, chattering attenuation and high control performance. However, choosing controller parameters for systems is still an important research area. This study, presents a numerical analysis to decrease the effect of earthquake vibrations on building model having Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD). The system is excited by an earthquake and a linear motor is used as the control device. ATMD is installed on top floor of building model. Tuning of High Order Sliding Mode Controller (HOSMC) using Super Twisting Algorithm with Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is designed for a three storey building model with ATMD. HOSMC parameters have been chosen by MOGA with multiple objective functions. Then, simulation results of uncontrolled and controlled model are compared. The results show that building model with HOSMC tuned by MOGA is effective to decrease the effects of vibrations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2058

A Structured Selection Process for Small and Medium Enterprises in Construction Industry: Case of International Projects
type: item
description: Construction industry in most countries relies heavily on small and medium enterprises (i.e., subcontractors). Therefore, in today’s highly competitive construction business, it is inevitable to select suitable subcontractors which physically execute almost all of production activities in construction projects. In this context, through a proper selection process, their competences should be guaranteed as much as possible. In fact, this becomes a more significant issue if the project undertaken is performed abroad. In this regard, it should be noted that Turkish construction companies have been significantly active in the international arena for decades. Based on these arguments, subcontractor characteristics to be considered in international projects should be revealed clearly. Accordingly, this paper proposes a structured process for subcontractor selection in international construction projects. Toward this aim, a questionnaire survey was applied to 96 construction companies, all of which are members of Turkish Contractors Association, and the corresponding numerical results were evaluated via descriptive statistics and 95% confidence interval. Thus, a three-step selection procedure together with their specific criteria was suggested from the conceptual point of view. These steps include (i) shortlisting with ten criteria, (ii) negotiation with seven criteria, and lastly (iii) final selection with seven criteria. Hence, this study can provoke potential researchers to find similarities or differences of such criteria between their countries and Turkey. Also, it can help both main contractors to execute the whole construction process in a financially sustainable environment and subcontractors to increase business opportunities in the international market.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2057

Multi-Objective Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm to Estimate Transformer Equivalent Circuit Parameters
type: item
description: Real world problems such as scientific, engineering, industrial problems are in the form of the multi-objective optimization problems. In order to achieve optimum solutions of such problems, multi-objective optimization algorithms are utilized. In this study, the problem is estimation of single-phase transformer parameters which is one of the engineering problems. This estimation is provided by artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. ABC is developed as a metaheuristic method and simulates foraging of bees. Since the problem is a multi-objective optimization problem, multi-objective ABC (MOABC) is proposed to estimate parameters in the study. This study aims to estimate equivalent circuit parameters using current and voltage values at any known load. Through algorithm, difference between actual and estimated parameter values that is the error has been tried to minimize. The successful results show that the proposed method can be used for a single-phase transformer parameters estimation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2056

Estimation of Projection Matrices from a Sparse Set of Feature Points for 3D Tree Reconstruction from Multiple Images
type: item
description: 3D reconstruction of trees is an important task for tree analysis but the most affordable approach to capture real objects is with a camera. Although, there already exist methods for 3D reconstruction of trees from multiple photographs, they mostly handle only self-standing trees captured at narrow angles. In fact, dense feature detection and matching is in most cases only the first step of the reconstructionand requires a large set of features and high similarity between individual pictures. However, capturing trees in the orchard is in most cases possible only at wider angles between the individual pictures and with overlapping branches from other trees, which prevents reliable feature matching. We introduce a new approach for estimating projection matrices to produce 3D point clouds of trees from multiple photographs. By manually relating a smaller number of points on images to reference objects, we substitute the missing dense set of features. We assign to each image a projection matrix and minimize the projection error between the images and reference objects using simulated annealing. Thereby, we produce correct projection matrices for further steps in 3D reconstruction. Our approach is tested on a simple application for 3D reconstruction of trees to produce a 3D point cloud. We analyze convergence rates of the optimization and show that the proposed approach can produce feasible projection matrices from a sufficiently large set of feature points. In the future, this approach will be a part of a complete system for tree reconstruction and analysis.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2055

A scrutiny study on wave energy potential and policy in Turkey
type: item
description: Recently new and renewable energy sources began to become prominent as alternatives to fossil fuels. Among these are wind, solar, hydraulic, biomass, geothermal and wave energies. As for Turkey, the least accounted and less applied of these sources is wave energy. The government has established a short-term outlook on utilization of renewable energy sources, named “National Renewable Energy Action Plan” which is a part of Vision 2023 targets. Nonetheless, there is no planned utilization of and/or investment into wave energy in Turkey’s agenda up to the year 2023. This might be mainly because of the complex structure of wave energy conversion systems, marine conditions, mechanical difficulties and high initial investment costs. However, this type of energy is environmentally friendly, cheap and clean, and a great potential is available especially in Turkey which is surrounded on three sides by sea. Although Turkey has neither coasts to oceans nor a long stretch of west coastline, which have the highest energetic waves thanks to the prevailing west-to-east winds; the Black Sea basin, as well as the south-western Mediterranean region, may offer a good potential for development as an energetic regime, often comparable to oceanic sites in terms of wave heights, induced by strong wind patterns. In this study, wave energy potential in Turkey and recent studies made on determination of suitable sites for evaluation of wave energy in Turkey are discussed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2054

Condition monitoring of the uncoated carbide cutting tool in turning process of the aluminum alloy 6061 via vibration
type: item
description: This study have been conducted in an attempt to monitor the changing of tool wear caused by increasing the cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. The signal processing analysis was done on the raw signal, the vibration signal then which is analyses by using MATLAB software. The relationship among several parameter of vibration signal, such as energy and maximum amplitude with cutting speed and depth of cut was studied. The material machined was Aluminum Alloy 6061 and uncoated carbide as a cutting tool. At the same time, the cutting temperature was also monitored. The results show that vibration signal can be one of the method to monitor tool wear in turning process via in-situ and therefore can be obtained useful for establishing the end of tool life in these operation. Based on the results the suitable speed and depth of cut range was identified to maximize the tool life
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2053

Numerical modelling of the in-plane loaded homogenized masonry walls
type: item
description: Masonry structures are one of the oldest structures in the world and have a considerable place among all the structures. Modelling of the masonry structures has become a significant requirement to evaluate the strengths of existing masonry structures and to build modern masonry structures. In this study, in-plane behaviors of the walls which constituting masonry structures are numerically modelled and analyzed. The homogenization technique is applied to obtain the material parameters used in the models. Unreinforced solid masonry wall and masonry wall with an opening are analyzed. The propagations of the cracks which may occur under the in-plane loads on the walls are investigated numerically. Fracture mechanisms occurring in the walls under the effect of in-plane loads are determined as a result of the analyzes
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2051

Performance comparisons of current metaheuristic algorithms on unconstrained optimization problems
type: item
description: Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have been recognized as powerful global optimization techniques in the last few decades. Many different metaheuristic optimization algorithms have been presented and successfully applied to different types of problems. In this paper; seven of newest metaheuristic algorithms namely, Ant Lion Optimization, Dragonfly Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimization, Moth-Flame Optimization, Multi-Verse Optimizer, Sine Cosine Algorithm, and Whale Optimization Algorithm have been tested on unconstrained benchmark optimization problems and their performances have been reported. Some of these algorithms are based on swarm while some are based on biology and mathematics. Performance analysis of these novel search and optimization algorithms satisfying equal conditions on benchmark functions for the first time has given important information about their behaviors on unimodal and multi-modal optimization problems. These algorithms have been recently proposed and many new versions of them may be proposed in future for efficient results in many different types of search and optimization problems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Umit Can
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2050

Charpy Impact Response of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite with Nano Graphene Enhanced Epoxy
type: item
description: Fiber reinforced polymer composite materials show several superior properties over conventional engineering materials; on the other hand, most of composite materials also have some drawbacks such as brittle behavior of matrix. This study is aimed to improve the impact response of composite material by adding nano particle into epoxy matrix. For this purpose; an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of graphene nano particles inclusion in epoxy resin with glass fiber reinforced composite plate on the Charpy impact response. Glass fiber reinforced (GFR) epoxy composite plates were produced with various graphene nano platelets content such 0, 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 wt%. Low velocity impact response was investigated by using Charpy impact test method. Impact energy and impact damage results presented in detail.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2049

Combined Natural Convection and Thermal Radiation in an Inclined Cubical Cavity with a Rectangular Pins Attached to Its Active Wall
type: item
description: Three dimensional combined natural convection and thermal radiation in an inclined cubic enclosure with pins attached to the active wall is investigated numerically. The vertical opposing walls are heated and cooled while the other walls are assumed to be adiabatic. The governing flow, momentum equations and the radiative transfer are solved using Fluent® 6.3 CFD software. In the discretization of the convection terms, the second order upwind scheme and for the solution algorithm SIMPLE is used. The cubic enclosure is filled with air and the flow is considered to be laminar. The properties of air are assumed to be constant except for the density variation for which the Boussinesq approximation is used. The surface to surface (S2S) heat model is used as the radiation transfer model. The computations are performed for Rayleigh number in the range 103≤Ra≤106 and for the surface emissivity (ε) 0≤ε≤1 while the inclination angle is varied 0°≤φ≤75°. The mean Nusselt number for convection and radiation transfer were evaluated as a function of Rayleigh number, emissivity and inclination angle and for some cases, the fluid flow and the temperature distributions were analyzed. The results showed that the mean total and radiative Nusselt number increases monotonically with increasing Ra number and the surface emissivity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Z. Sert
creator: M. Tekkalmaz
creator: C. Timuralp
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2048

Kinetic study of the thermal decomposition for mixed municipal solid waste using thermogravimetric analysis
type: item
description: Thermal conversion of wastes is one of the perspective solution to ‘municipal solid waste’ problem. Thermal conversion process entails thermal decomposition of material with an increase in temperature. This experimental analysis investigated thermal decomposition of municipal solid waste using the thermogravimetric technique. The objective of the analysis was to analyze the changes in kinetic characteristics with changes in the composition of content in sample waste and temperature. Sample waste analyzed consisted of plant organic waste, paper, plastics, wood and inert substance. Proximate and elemental analyses were determined and calorific values determined experimentally using bomb calorimeter. Thermogravimetric curves were derived using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at different temperature rates. Activation energy and pre¬exponential factor were derived using Flynn¬Wall¬Ozawa, Kissinger¬Akahira¬Sunose and Kissinger model equations. Additional statistical analyses of variance using ANOVA was conducted for the different sets of composition analyzed. Results showed kinetic parameter values for different model¬free models used in analysis as well as the level of variance in activation energies for different composition of waste and temperature rates used
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nzioka Antony Mutua
creator: Alunda Benard Ouma
creator: Odero Shirley Atieno
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2046

Autonomous Car Parking System with Various Trajectories
type: item
description: In this study, an algorithm presents a solution to 4-wheel-car parking. This algorithm is suitable for parallel parking between two objects or two cars. Firstly the system verifies whether enough space. After finding a valid parking space, system makes the suitable movements for a perfect parking. This parking operation is tested in a simulation environment using MatLab-Simulink.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Bunyamin Esiyok
creator: Anil Can Turkmen
creator: Ozgur Kaplan
creator: Cenk Celik
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2045

Determination of appropriate axial vibration dampers for a naval vessel driven by CODAG propulsion
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to reduce the vibration oscillations on a naval vessel propulsion system driven by CODAG. Within vibration analysis of the system firstly; physical model of the naval ship’s propulsion system consist of mass, spring and damping elements developed properly and the effects of dynamic forces, which are consisted of main engine stresses, and the hydrodynamic forces that come from water effect are also taken into consideration. Afterwards, equation of motions derived for each mass and consequently by solving these equations, employing matrix approach, natural frequencies and modes of the axial vibration obtained. Finally, a model for propulsion system formed in Matlab/Simulink program. The axial vibrations caused by internal and external forces that excite the system examined and illustrated with graphs how the model respond in the face of undamped and under different axial damping ratios. Then which is also our goal; axial damping ratios that can absorb vibrational motions of the system successfully determined.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Abdullah Gokturk
creator: Osman Azmi Ozsoysal
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-11-30
publication date: 2019-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2044

Solving constrained optimization problems with sine-cosine algorithm
type: item
description: Optimization algorithms aim to find the optimum values that give the maximum or minimum result of a function under given circumstance. There are many approaches to solve optimization problems. Stochastic population-based optimization approaches tend to give the best results in a reasonable time. Two of the state-of-art stochastic optimization algorithms are Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO). In addition, Sine-Cosine Algorithm is one of the recently developed stochastic population-based optimization algorithms. It is claimed that Sine-Cosine has a higher speed than the counterparts of it. Moreover, Sine-Cosine Algorithm occasionally outperforms other optimization algorithms including GA and PSO. This algorithm is successful because it can balance exploration and exploitation smoothly. In the previous studies, the above-mentioned algorithms were evaluated and compared to each other for the unconstrained optimization test functions. But there is no study on constrained optimization test problems. In this study, we aim to show the performance of Sine-Cosine Algorithm on constrained optimization problems. In order to achieve this, we are going to compare the performances by using well-known constrained test functions
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Simge Ekiz
creator: Pakize Erdoğmuş
creator: Büşra Özgür
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-11-30
publication date: 2017-11-30
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2042

An Investigation on Deformation Behaviors of Energy Absorbers for Passenger Coaches
type: item
description: Thin-walled structures is used commonly as energy absorbers at the front and back of the coaches. These parts should be designed to minimize the damage to the vehicle and prevent the passengers from fatality and/or injury by absorbing the collision energy in railway transportation. In this paper, deformation behaviors of tube like structures with truncated cone under the axial impact load were investigated by means of finite element analysis (FEA). The energy absorbers having tube like structures were modelled at the same weight and have three different wall thickness and taper angle. As a result of FEA, the performances of straight and truncated cone type energy absorbers were compared in terms of energy absorption capacities and an optimization study was done to determine the effects of thickness and taper angle on energy absorbing performances of the members. The analysis of variance in 95% confidence level was applied in order to determine the effects of design parameters on total efficiency (TE). Besides, optimum design parameters for TE were determined by using Taguchi optimization methodology. Thickness was found as the most significant parameter on total efficiency with 60.52% percentage contribution ratio according to ANOVA results.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ramazan Özmen
creator: Mustafa Günay
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-11-19
publication date: 2026-11-19
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2041

Modeling and Simulation of the Resistance of Bacteria toAntibiotics
type: item
description: The unnecessary use of antibiotics has given rise to antibiotic resistance and for this reason is a cause of growing concern in contemporary health care contexts. Antibiotic resistance means that an antibiotic is losing or has lost the ability to kill a given bacteria and/or to prevent it from reproducing. The result: an increase in the number of patients suffering from and even dying of infections. Resistant bacteria continue to increase in number, as they survive the antibiotic designed and used to kill them. The disease induced by the bacteria lasts longer, therefore, than would have been the case were the bacteria not antibiotic resistant. Thus, prolonged treatment and/or even death results together with an increase in cost associated with these outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the interactions among the bacteria, immune system cells, and antibiotics in a Repast Simphony 2.1 agent-based simulation environment modeled to observe the effects of the antibiotic resistance in the infection process. According to our results, increased antibiotic resistance constitutes a serious threat to the success of established methods used in the treatment of bacterial infections.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Cenab Batu Bora
creator: Sevcan Emek
creator: Vedat Evren
creator: Şebnem Bora
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Cenab Batu Bora, Sevcan Emek, Vedat Evren, Şebnem Bora https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-19
publication date: 2026-05-19
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2039

Application of Monte Carlo simulation and PERT/CPM techniques in planning of construction projects: A Case Study
type: item
description: Construction project scheduling and monitoring is challenging in today's very dynamic business environment. In this study, a project execution tracking system in a medium‒sized construction company was studied. Two different methods were proposed as problem solution for project scheduling and monitoring. Traditional CPM and PERT methods, and Monte Carlo simulation as risk analysis tool were used in this case study. The results show that 186 working days (which is optimistic estimate) is required to finish a luxury villa is determined by CPM method, while Monte Carlo simulation implies that there is 50% of chance that the luxury villa will be done in 205 days, but still there is a risk of 50% that the villa construction may be delayed
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mertcan Karabulu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-12-31
publication date: 2017-12-31
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i3.2038

Determination of the Dam Axis Permeability for the Design and the Optimization of Grout Curtain: An Example from Orhanlar Dam (Kütahya-Pazarlar)
type: item
description: Rural projects become an important issue considering the rapid increase of population in Turkey. Alongside the contribution to the national economy, dams serve as an environmental structure, which are utilized in flood prevention, sustainable energy, fighting with forest fire and recreation. However, dam construction must be well planned and projected to minimize the unexpected events such as water leakage. This study comprise the geotechnical studies and the design of the planned grout curtain in Orhanlar Dam (Kütahya/Pazarlar). In this context, field and laboratory studies was realized in Orhanlar Dam axis and reservoir area. Within the scope of field studies, engineering geology map was generated, a suitable axis location was specified for the dam and drilling and in-situ testing was realized. Within the field studies, the joint conditions of the geological units under the dam axis and its effect on permeability was observed. For the geotechnical purposes drilling works performed during the planning stage, 5 boreholes total 166 m was realized on dam axis, 1 borehole total 10 m was realized on cofferdam, 1 borehole total 10 m was realized on diversion tunnel and 1 borehole total 10 m was realized on spillway. To determine the permeability profile on dam axis and design the grout curtain, Lugeon tests in Dağardı ophioloitic melange units observed in dam axis, falling head permeability tests in alluviums observed in thalveg and slope debris observed in right abutment were performed. As a result of these studies geotechnical information about the permeability of Orhanlar Dam was collected and the grout curtain hole was designed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mustafa Can CANOĞLU
creator: Bedri KURTULUŞ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-01-01
publication date: 2017-01-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i1.1996

The Potential of Solar Energy for Sustainable Water Resource Development and Averting National Social Burden in Rural Areas of Zambia
type: item
description: Abstract About 50% of the Zambia’s population in the rural areas do not have access to an improved source of water supply, thus relies on untreated water from shallow wells, streams and rivers for drinking and other activities. The lack of access to clean water is associated with water related illnesses and other negative social impacts. This paper aimed to propose use of solar energy in water pumping systems for water supply in rural areas of Zambia. The information used is from secondary sources.Use of the solar energy in water pumping system is not only an important part of providing household with clean drinking water alternative, but also important for access to an improved source of water supply for rural households and sustainable water resource development in Zambia. The paper further investigates the potential of using solar energy in water pumping system to avert the nation’s disease burden and its sustainability using number of employment created as indicator. The analyzed results indicate that the use of solar energy in water pumping systems have the potential of reducing the Zambia’s social cost burden by 30% which translate to about US$61million saving per year and can create employment of about 24,000 in Zambia. country.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mabvuto MWANZA
creator: Mwansa KAOMA
creator: Chilala K.BOWA
creator: Numan S.ÇETIN
creator: Koray ÜLGEN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-01-01
publication date: 2017-01-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i1.1995

Pyrolysis Kinetics of Pine Sawdust in a Fixed Bed
type: item
description: Currently worldwide studies are being done on the utilisation of lignocellulosic materials or biomasses as substitutes of fossil fuels to afford energy needs of today’s world. Pyrolysis is one of the most promising techniques for apprising biomass into economically viable renewable fuels. In this work, pyrolysis behaviour of pine sawdust was investigated experimentally in a fixed bed system with mass measurements under nitrogen as sweeping gas. The main objective was to interpret mass loss of pine sawdust during pyrolysis at varied heating rates and to estimate kinetic constants using the best mathematical model among the popular solid phase decomposition models. Regression tests are separately applied to conversion data for 473 – 593 K and 593 – 773 K temperature ranges, corresponding respectively decomposition of hemicelluloses and cellulose, and cellulose and lignin. The quality of fit increased with heating rate and none of the proposed models had any superiority to others. The results implied that volatiles evolution during pyrolysis was increasingly controlled chemically with heating rate.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Melek Yılgın
creator: Dursun Pehlivan
creator: Ercan Aydoğmuş
creator: Neslihan Duranay
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-01-01
publication date: 2017-01-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i1.1994

Forecasting Foreign Trade of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Wood and Articles of Wood, Wood Charcoal by Seasonal ARIMA Model
type: item
description: In this study, it is aimed that the analysis of export and import values of Bosnia and Herzegovina for wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal with seasonal ARIMA model and forecasting of export and import values for next term by the best appropriate seasonal ARIMA model. The data used in this study were obtained from Trade statistics for international business development (TRADEMAP) and monthly data covering the period of January 2007 and December 2015. Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was used for the stationarity test. Temporary model that have smallest values of forecasting accuracy measurement was determined. The appropriateness of the model (whether plot of autocorrelation has white noise) was determined by using the Box-Ljung test. As a result, ARIMA (3,1,0)(0,1,2)12 model was found as the best forecasting model for both export and import series. It was estimated that export value of Bosnia and Herzegovina for wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal is approximately 531 million$, while import value is 160 million$ in 2020.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Nadir ERSEN
creator: İlker AKYÜZ
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-01-01
publication date: 2017-01-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i1.1993

Solar PV integration for enhancing energy efficiency of industrial air compressor systems in the unstable environment of Yemen
type: item
description: This study explored the integration of a 7 MW PV solar energy system into the energy system of industrial air compressors to mitigate extensive energy costs in the unstable grid electricity in Taiz Al-Huban, Yemen. A combined approach involving solar PV generation, leakage recovery, and compressor operation control was implemented into Five major food-based companies to enhance system efficiency. Cumulative energy-related data was collected from the proposed companies for several years and then analyzed using PVsyst simulations. Interesting results indicated an energy saving of 20% from repairing of 851 leaking points, with a total energy saving of 1.93 GWh. Simulation results show that the proposed PV system produces 13.8 GWh annually, meeting the compressors’ total demand of 9.7 GWh and generating a 4.1 GWh surplus. The system achieved a performance ratio of 81 %, and the optimal tilt angle was identified as 17.5 degrees. Economic analysis confirms strong feasibility with a 2.3-year payback period under the Yemeni electricity price and significant long-term revenue. Environmentally, the system offsets approximately 229,538 tons of CO₂ over 30 years. Overall, the results demonstrate that integrating solar PV with targeted compressor improvements offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for industrial energy management in developing regions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Wael Bakil Ali Hashed
creator: Mohd Helmi Mansor
creator: Johnny Koh Siaw Paw
creator: Mokhtar Ali Amrani
creator: Jagadeesh Pasupuleti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wael Bakil Ali Hashed, Mohd Helmi Mansor, Johnny Koh Siaw Paw, Mokhtar Ali Amrani, Jagadeesh Pasupuleti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 147
ending page: 174
doi: 10.21533/pen.v14.i2.1992

Coefficient bounds for a subclass of Sakaguchi type functions using Chebyshev Polynomial
type: item
description: In this work, considering a general subclass of bi-univalent Sakaguchi type functions and using Chebyshev polynomials, we obtain coefficient expansions for functions in this class.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: N.P. Damodaran
creator: Srutha Keerthi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2018-06-01
publication date: 2018-06-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v6.i1.1989

Quality-dependent fusion system using no-reference image quality metrics for multimodal biometrics
type: item
description: Biometric acquired and processed data quality is the prime influences, which will affect the performance of the whole biometric system. Hence, aforementioned is essential to control the quality of acquired data to devise a suitable biometric system. This paper presents a robust multimodal biometric system using quality dependent expert fusion system. We Presents work, on a novel quality assessment metrics for Fingerprint, Palmprint, and Iris. The originality of this work contributing with blind image quality measures. The projected quality metrics associates with two type of quality measure a) Image-based quality as well as b) pattern-based. We have explore and comprehend the associated various quality assessment in the biometrics. Benefits of the proposed quality matric have been illustrates on six benchmark database. The performance of the proposed quality measures demonstrates on multimodal biometric system is evaluated on a public dataset and demonstrating its recognition accuracy with respect to EER. Result shows the efficiency of detecting the kind of alterations. Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test statistics shows 0.84 to 0.94 outperformed as compared to NFIQ.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Pravin G. Gawande
creator: Ashok M. Sapkal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2018-12-01
publication date: 2018-12-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v6.i1.1988

A Review on Devulcanization of Waste Tire Rubber
type: item
description: Rubber has become an indispensable material for the technological development of civilization, including simple balloon and complex rocket propellant. Rubber Industry worldwide is using on an average 50% of raw materials. These materials were mostly petroleum-based, except natural rubber (NR), steel cord and bead wire. Using of these petroleum-based raw materials not only depletes natural resources, but also produces more extreme environmental hazards. The waste tire rubber problem is of great magnitude and has far reaching environmental and economic implications. There are some ways for recycling of rubber, such as reclaiming technology, surface treatment, grinding and pulverization technology, devulcanization technology. Methods of devulcanizing rubber (or elastomers) have been researched almost since the time of the discovery of the rubber/sulfur vulcanization process. By devulcanization process the cross-links in the structure of rubber are broken and devulcanized rubber can be revulcanized into a raw material for rubber industry, which is a highly valued form of waste rubber. This study provides a review of the recent advances in understanding of methods of recycling rubber and claims that the capacity of thermomechanical and mechanochemical devulcanization methods of recycling waste tire rubber can be improved in future studies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ali Gursel
creator: Enes Akca
creator: Nuri Sen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2018-10-01
publication date: 2018-10-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v6.i1.1987

Parallel computing for artificial neural network training
type: item
description: As an enormous computing power is required to get knowledge from a large volume of data, the parallel and distributed computing is highly recommended to process them. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) need as much as possible data to have high accuracy, whereas parallel processing can help us to save time in ANNs training. In this paper, exemplary parallelization of artificial neural network training by dint of Java and its native socket libraries has been implemented. During the experiments, it has been noticed that Java native socket implementation tends to have memory issues when a large amount of training datasets are involved in training. It has been remarked that exemplary parallelization of artificial neural network training cannot outperform drastically when additional nodes are introduced into the system after a certain point. This is comprehensively due to the network communication complexity in the system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Md. Haidar Sharif
creator: Osman Gursoy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2018-02-01
publication date: 2018-02-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v6.i1.1986

Estimation of Specific Gravity with Penetration and Penetration Index Parameters by Artificial Neural Network
type: item
description: Specific Gravity of the bitumen changes according to the ambient temperature. Different specific gravity values can be calculated at different temperature. Estimating models like Artificial Neural Network – ANN could be very useful to obtain the specific gravity value uniform. Specific gravity values obtained from Long-Term Pavement Performance – LTPP were estimated with artificial neural networks. Penetration and Penetration Index of binder were used for estimating the specific gravity of the bitumen. As a result, ANN get 84% of R2 between obtained and estimated values.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sercan Serin
creator: Sebnem Karahancer
creator: Ekinhan Eriskin
creator: Nihat Morova
creator: Mehmet Saltan
creator: Serdal Terzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-06-01
publication date: 2017-06-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i2.1985

Operational stability and degradation of organic solar cells
type: item
description: Recently, Organic solar cells (OSC) have been increasingly utilized all over the world. The changes made in the organic components of the organic solar cells enable them to exhibit good features such as mechanical flexibility, lightness and high power generation efficiency even under lower light intensities. However, operational stability is an important parameter for organic solar cells. Despite the aforementioned advantages of organic solar cells, degradation in operational environments limits their use in harsh conditions. Studies have shown that the organic layer and the cathode layer of the OSCs are degraded by external factors, and this adversely affects the operational stability and productivity of OSCs considerably. The overall efficiency of an organic solar cell is defined as a function of life cycle and efficiency of energy generation. Therefore, the shorter the life cycle becomes, the lesser the overall efficiency of OSCs gets. Recent studies are focused on improving the operational stability and power generation efficiencies of OSCs by reducing the effects degradation induced by external factors, such as climatic conditions and thermal fatigue. The purpose of this study is to assess how organic solar cells work, how they degrade from external factors, such as water and water vapor, and how these parameters affect the operational stability as well as the efficiency of the organic solar cells.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Efe Çetin YILMAZ
creator: Muhammet Kaan YEŞİLYURT
creator: İlhan Volkan ÖNER
creator: Gökhan ÖMEROĞLU
creator: Ahmet Numan ÖZAKIN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2017-06-01
publication date: 2017-06-01
doi: 10.21533/pen.v5.i2.1984