Design and comparison of rectangular and cylindrical DRA antennas for enhanced efficiency and gain

Abstract

Many applications in lifestyle need to use some kinds of antenna especially in communication field. One of these antennas that is used in this field of communication is called dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). In this review, we will compare different kinds of DRA antennas, for example, cylindrical and rectangular DRA antennas, based on their S-parameters, gain, directivity, bandwidth, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). After discovering the studies about characteristics of these antennas according, the technology of gain, bandwidth enhancements used in the literature will be explained in detail, such as using a high-dielectric-constant material, adjusting its resonant frequency, property of lensing of MTM cells. In practical experiments, the software CST (Computer Simulation Technology) is used for this purpose, to evaluate the above-mentioned parameters of DRA antennas. The advantages of DRA antennas are high radiation efficiency, small size, low profile, and lightweight after changing some elements or structure of DRA antenna, which makes the antenna have more attenuation. To enhance the S-parameters and gain magnitude, the suitable design of DRA depends on the geometrical and material characteristics used for this purpose. This also enables us to achieve acceptable results with high efficiency. Therefore, the simulation of the antenna must consider beside these properties and characteristics, the effects of surface plasmon waves on the properties of DRA antenna. Adding layers of photonic crystal to the DRA antenna enhances the results and leads to higher gain.