Green Materials and Applications

A green material suits most tunefully within ecosystem practices and donates to the achievement of a servicebased economy. Due to the properties of non-toxic, organic and recycling, green materials are widely used in various industrial applications. Green materials can be categorized as natural materials, plastics, ceramics and composite materials, and they are extensively utilized in building materials. In this study, green materials are briefly introduced and their applications are shortly reviewed.


Introduction
Materialsare the stuff of economic life in our industrial world.They include the resource inputs and the product outputs of industrial production.How we handle them is a major determinant of real economic efficiency, and also has a major impact on our health and the health of the natural environment.A green material is one that simultaneously does the most with the least, fits most harmoniously within ecosystem processes, helps eliminate the use of other materials and energy, and contributes to the attainment of a service-based economy.Green materials can be classified as natural materials (such as wood), plastics (e.g.plexiglass), ceramics (e.g.kaolin) and composite materials (e.g.wood based composites).Green materials are classified in Figure 1 and Table 1.Green materials can be used in different places such as environmental area, chemical industry as well as building materials.In this study, green materials are reviewed and then their usage in building and other applications are reported.

Elements of Material Solutions in Building
John Young (2000) lately reviewed the materials competence that can be applied to construction materials with a requirement [ Although this classification is not adequate in itself to manage all the main dimensions of transforming materials use in building, it provides a structure that can be built upon.

Application details:
Application name Housing, medical imaging system Industry Medical Engineering Manufacturer Grimm Brothers Plastics Corp. Material name RTP 300 Series Material abbreviation PC Cross-Functional Team of Engineering, Sheet, and Color Solve Challenges in Medical Housing.The housing was particularly challenging.The sheet product required a V-0 flame rating, coupled with translucency and a critical color match to the desired translucent mint green color.A custom RTP 300 Series polycarbonate flame retardant sheet was created for the housing that met all the application challenges.The Symbia Medical Imaging System went on to receive global recognition for its overall design, including winning a Gold Industrial Design Excellence Award in 2006.Siemens has since changed the Symbia system and the housing material has evolved away from this formulation.The lightweight suspension springs made of glass fiberreinforced polymer (GFRP), which Audi developed in collaboration with an Italian supplier, even looks different than a steel spring.It is light green, the fiber strand is thicker than the wire of a steel spring and it has a slightly larger overall diameter with a lower number of coils.The core of the springs consists of long glass fibers twisted together and impregnated with epoxy resin.A machine wraps additional fibers around this corewhich is only a few millimeters in diameter at alternating angles of plus and minus 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis.These tension and compression plies mutually support one another to optimally absorb the stresses acting on the component.In the last production step, the blank is cured in an oven at temperatures of over 100 degrees Celsius.The GFRP springs can be precisely tuned to their respective task, and the material does not corrode, even after stone chipping, and is impervious to chemicals such as wheel cleaners.Last but not least, productionrequires far less energy than the production of steel springs.

Characteristics
Processing: Film Extrusion, Injection molding, Other Extrusion, Profile Extrusion, Sheet Extrusion, Thermoforming Delivery: form Pellets Special Characteristics: High impact or impact modified, Light stabilized or stable to light, Transparent, U.V. stabilized or stable to weather Additives: Release agent

Alternative Materials
The assessment and promotion of green building materials should start with conservative materials (Fig. 9) because these are the most utilized.However, in a transition to sustainability, we must start to consider more and more of materials that fit within ecosystem processes.These are the alternative materials.They differ from place to place, bioregion to bioregion, but some of the better known, and increasingly popular, in North America are straw bale, rammed earth, adobe, cob, cordwood, stone and "earthship" buildings made of old tires and other garbage [3,4].They all make outstanding employ of local resources and are shaped with little energy.Their building processes tend to be labor-intensive and resourcesaving.Most are natural drying and eminently recyclable or even reusable.They are also non-toxic and engender little pollution.Some, like earthships (built from old tires) and straw bale construction, make good use of a waste product [5].
Most of the alternative building techniques are modernized versions of traditional building methods that were swept aside by the industrial revolution.Many of the materials are almost ideal materials for the climates where they are found.Materials like straw are natural insulators-one of the totally non-toxic forms of insulation (Fig. 7).Other materials like earth have great thermal mass, keeping warmer in winter and cooler in summer.Whereas many people connect these materials with rural settings, this is mainly since the countryside has been more conducive to experimentation.There is no reason why rammed earth, earthships and even straw bale couldn't be utilized as easily in cities.The future of sustainable cities lay in low-rise, high-and medium-density settlements, featuring lots of plant growth that can offer food, climate-control, energy and water ecoinfrastructure, and along with neighborhood employment.If green cities are to value the natural productivity of the landscape, they must also harness the social productivity of vernacular building and design, and of the informal economy [6].Economies must find ways of supporting the gardening, preventive health care and self-help building.Alvin Toffler (1972Toffler ( , 1980) ) first called these emerging informal activities "prosumption" [7].Toffler was totally ignorant to the ecological dimension, but writers like Schumacher, Illich, Winner, Mumford and Goodman have not only called attention to the importance of these sectors, but also to the need to design and implement technologies to support them [8].The alternative materials are highly suited to "prosumptive" activities.Rammed earth, for instance, takes soil right from the building excavation, eliminating most of the huge processing industry dedicated to wood frame or concrete construction [9].Most of the techniques can be learned by the people who will live in the buildings.They can contribute in the design.They can see and feel how nature supports them, and understand what they must do to return that support.
The implications of greater use of alternative materials cannot consequently be fully understood with a life cycle analysis.They also occupy social relationships that are essential to creating sustainable communities and economies.They can assist to undermine the forms of hostility of producer from consumer, of professional from client, of design from execution, and of individual from community, that so underlie unsustainable practices.

Conclusion
1.The greening and dematerialization of building engage the whole economy.It must take place on every level-production, expenditure and regulation.Green plans have to begin everywhere, but the area of expenditure may be the place where fundamental initiatives have the utmost space for movement.Grassroots action is maybe the most complex since, by description, it is moving from the dominion of the marginalized and fragmented.But it also can request straight to real felt needs and also construct incrementally. 2. The dominion of expenditure is severely rooted in civil society.It not only includes voluntary presumption but is intimately linked to the dominion of small business.This level of business is where most environmental economic options are realized: ecoconstruction firms, community-supported agriculture networks, auto-sharing networks, green power co-ops.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Classification of green materials

Figure 5 .
Figure5.View of a green disposable applicator[2] Hot compression molding Production of big semifinished parts (plates, rods, tubes) High pressure 400 kg/cm² and temperature above Tg (350-380 °C) Cycle time = hours Processing of precise parts by machining Best mechanical properties Direct forming High number of small parts Production of green parts at ambient temperature and very high pressure of 3 t/cm² Cycle time = seconds Subsequent sintering above Tg (350-380 °C) No or little machining necessary.

Figure 6 .
Figure 6. Green building materials made of old tires and other garbage.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7.A house built by mud-brick and straw, a natural and non-toxic insulator green material.

. Practical Applications 3.1. Kitchen utensils, Green Street™(Fig.2) Application details:
. Triple objective evaluation system of green building.Key areas that are vital to accomplish this materials transformation are:  Product Evaluation: "What is a green material"?