Assessment the performance of water treatment plants in Baghdad governorate using GIS

Water is essential to a solid society and feasible growth. Water demand is increasing due to increasing population density, fast urbanization, industrialization, and agriculture. The Tigris River supplies drinking water to nine water treatment plants in Baghdad, therefore monitoring their chemical and physical properties is important. 15 parameters (pH, Tur., TDS, EC, TH, Alk., Ca+2, Mg+2, Fe+2, Cl-, SO4-2, NH3, NO3-, NO2-, PO43) from treated water were measured in 2009 and 2019 and compared their values to Iraqi and WHO findings. The results show The value of turbidity in 2009 at center 8 was 11.2 which is exceeded the allowable limits this is might be absent the coagulation process, as well as the high concentration of the turbidity in the Tigris river at that time, meanwhile the value of alkalinity, was 159.75(mg/l) in 2019 at center 2 . however the remaining results were inside as far as possible.


Introduction
For the whole human race, water is considered one of the most essential natural resources. The increasing population and economic activity have led to huge demands of water. The decline in surface water supply quantity and quality is due to water contamination and improper water resources management [1]Water treatment plant studies are handled with every aspect, like physical, chemical & bacteriological of water characteristics, that gives the first indication to assess the water treatment plant and best method to treat the water [2]. Water, the principle constituent of biological system is a valuable public resource and a great normal asset might be as rain water, ground water, surface water (for example streams, lakes, oceans, etc.), and ice sheets. The surface water is the main types of water for human exercises like drinking water, agribusiness, industry, hydropower age and other different areas of the economy. On the planet, perhaps the most essential ecological issue is water quality weakening that came about because of the climatic change and expanded contamination [3]. Developing consideration had been seen during the last a very long time in, water quality evaluation of various streams by dissecting the physicochemical and organic boundaries of water and observing the spatial and fleeting varieties. The water content can be quantified by some mixture of physical, chemical, and biological properties and measurements. When THESE certain parameters exceed a certain level, they may have adverse consequences on human wellbeing [4] [5]. River tributaries can have a direct effect on characteristics physicalchemicals of river due to the discharging huge quantities of domestic and Industrial water without treatment [6].Climate change, population increase, rising water shortages, demographic shifts, minimal environmental understanding, water and land-use disputes and urbanization put on demonstrate raising water challenges [7].
Remote sensing is the method of collecting photographs and details.at a distance, somebody do not have to get in contact. This is done by data processing bodies [8], and then applying them in our everyday life.in this way, it allows numerous technological endeavors to thrive [9]. GIS has many applications on water source and sewage treatment services are identified, Groundwater simulation and hydrology, water and drainage networks and inventories, Flooding modeling, hydraulic modeling for surface layer and settlements in river [10] [11].GIS (Geographic Information System) has various category of such as Mathematical, Spatial, Spatial monitoring. Analyzing spatial trends by Integration of the technology allowed this to be feasible. Databases is another factor which provide the opportunity to evaluate and simulate this model [10].

Case study
Tigris Stream is the fundamental wellspring of savoring water Baghdad city, as well as the water of the Tigris Waterway, is using for agricultural and industrial purposes. The Tigris enters north of Bagdad near the Al-Karkh water treatment plant, the length of the stretch of the river is around 65 kilometers [12].

Results and discussion
Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH): for 2009 the most extreme worth of pH was recorded 7.67 at center 5 while the base worth was 7.39 at center 7. In the 2019 the most extreme worth of pH was recorded 7.79 at center 5 while the base worth of pH was 7.25 at center 9. For the two years the pH esteems were inside the suitable principles as displayed in figure 2.

Conclusion
In this study Evaluation has been made by using the spatial distribution of GIS for fifteen physical and chemical parameters of nine water treatment plants in Baghdad take their water from Tigris River in the two years 2009 and 2019 and compare their results with WHO standards These parameters are ('pH', 'Tur'.,'TDS', 'EC', 'TH', 'Alk', 'Ca+2', 'Mg+2', Fe+2, 'Cl'-, SO4-2, 'NH3', 'NO3'-, 'NO2'-, 'PO4ˉ3'). The value of turbidity in 2009 at center 8 was 11.2 which is exceeded the allowable limits this is might be absent the coagulation process, as well as the high concentration of the turbidity in the Tigris river at that time, meanwhile the value of alkalinity, was 159.75(mg/l) in 2019 at center 2 . however, the remaining results were within the allowable limits.